(1) All elements, without exception, reduce the conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper bars. Any element that solidly dissolves in the copper bar causes lattice distortion, resulting in wave scattering when free electrons flow directionally, increasing the resistivity. On the contrary, elements with little or no solid solubility in the copper bar have little effect on the conductivity and thermal conductivity of the copper bar. It should be noted that some elements have a drastic decrease in solid solubility with decreasing temperature in the copper bar, The precipitation of elemental and metal compounds can not only strengthen copper bar alloys through solid solution and dispersion, but also minimize the decrease in conductivity. This is an important alloying principle for studying high-strength and high conductivity alloys. It should be particularly pointed out that alloys composed of iron, silicon, zirconium (not wrong), chromium and copper bars are extremely important high-strength and high conductivity alloys; Due to the superimposed effects of alloying elements on the performance of copper bars, CoCr Zr series alloys are well-known high-strength and high conductivity alloys.
(2) The microstructure of varš based corrosion-resistant alloys should be single-phase to avoid electrochemical corrosion caused by the presence of a second phase in the alloy. The alloy elements added for this purpose should have a high solid shibility in varš stieņi, even infinitely miscible elementi. In engineering applications, single-phase misss rods, bronza stieņi, and white copper stieņi all have excellent corrosion resistance and ir svarīgi siltums apmaiņa materiāli.
(3) Abi mīkstie un cietie fāzes pastāv in mikrostruktūra of varš bāzēts nodilumizturīgs sakausējumi. Tāpēc, laikā sakausēšana, it is nepieciešams lai nodrošinātu ka pievienotie elementi not tikai izšķīdināt in the varš stienis rod, but arī nogulsnes cietās fāzes. Tipiskās cietās fāzes in varš stienis sakausējumi include Ni3Si, FeALSi savienojumi, etc., un a fāze nevajadzētu pārsniegt 10%.
(4) Varš stienis sakausējumi ar polikristālisks transformācija in the solid state have damping properties, such as Cu Mn series alloys, and alloys with thermoelastic martensitic transformation in the solid state have memory properties, such as Cu Zn Al and Cu Al Mn series alloys.
(5) The color of copper bars can be changed by adding alloying elements, such as zinc, aluminum, tin, nickel, etc. As the content changes, the color also changes from red to blue, yellow to white. Reasonable control of the content will obtain imitation gold materials and imitation silver alloys.
(6) Elementi atlasīti for leģējums of varš stieņi un sakausējumi būtu parasti lietoti, lēti, un bez piesārņojuma. Pievienotie elementi jāievēro princips of vairāki elementi un mazi daudzumi. The alloy raw materials can be visaptveroši utilized, and the alloy should have excellent process performance, piemērots apstrādes into dažādi gatavi un pusfabrikāti izstrādājumi produkti.
